Which amendment prohibits excessive bail and fines?

The Eighth Amendment is the correct answer because it specifically addresses the protection against excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment was included in the Bill of Rights to safeguard individual rights and ensure that punishment fits the severity of the crime. It reflects the principle that the justice system should not impose unduly harsh financial burdens or punitive measures on individuals awaiting trial or convicted of crimes.

On the other hand, the Sixth Amendment focuses on the rights of accused persons in criminal prosecutions, such as the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to counsel. The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, ensuring a person's privacy, while the Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states and the people. These amendments address different aspects of legal rights and protections, making the Eighth Amendment the specific provision that concerns bail and fines.