What is the primary purpose of the First Amendment?

The primary purpose of the First Amendment is to ensure freedom of religion and expression. It is a cornerstone of democratic principles in the United States, safeguarding the rights of individuals to practice their religion freely without government interference, speak their minds, publish their opinions, assemble peacefully, and petition the government. This broad protection empowers citizens to express diverse viewpoints, engage in public discourse, and challenge government actions, which are essential elements of a functioning democracy.

The other options do not align with the First Amendment's focus. The right to bear arms is addressed in the Second Amendment, the right to vote is covered in various amendments but not specifically the First, and the powers of Congress are outlined in the Constitution itself, specifically in Article I. Therefore, the emphasis of the First Amendment is distinctly on fundamental personal freedoms related to expression and religious practice.