What is an indictment?

An indictment refers specifically to a written formal accusation that an individual has committed a crime. This legal document is typically issued by a grand jury, which reviews evidence presented by the prosecution. The indictment serves as a critical step in the criminal justice process, as it officially brings charges against a defendant, allowing the legal proceedings to advance. It is important to distinguish this from other legal documents or processes; for example, while a formal complaint may initiate an inquiry or investigation, an indictment signifies a determination that there is sufficient evidence to warrant a trial for the accused. Similarly, a plea bargain involves negotiations between the defendant and prosecutor, whereas an indictment is solely about formally charging someone with a crime. Finally, a sentence given by the court occurs after a guilty verdict or plea, making it distinctly different from the indictment process itself. Thus, option B accurately captures the definition and purpose of an indictment in the legal system.